Ethylene Oxide (EtO) – a gas critical for sterilizing medical equipment – is increasingly at the center of a nationwide health crisis, leading to a tidal wave of litigation. For years, communities living near medical sterilization facilities have unknowingly been exposed to this potent carcinogen, suffering devastating health consequences including various cancers, respiratory illnesses, and even birth defects. Now, the fight for justice is gaining unprecedented momentum.
A Growing Crisis in Our Backyard
With over 100 medical device sterilization facilities operating in more than 20 states across the U.S., the shadow of EtO exposure looms large. Many of these plants are located in underserved communities, disproportionately impacting low-income and minority populations who have borne the brunt of elevated emission levels. This environmental injustice is a central theme in the escalating legal battles.
Landmark Victories and Exploding Dockets
The legal landscape is rapidly evolving, with significant wins for plaintiffs and a clear signal that EtO litigation is a viable and growing area for law firms.
Illinois Leads the Charge: Illinois has been at the forefront of this fight. A landmark $363 million jury verdict in 2022 and a staggering $408 million settlement in 2023 against Sterigenics’ Willowbrook facility have set powerful precedents. More recently, Steris settled hundreds of claims tied to Waukegan emissions for $48 million, further solidifying the legal landscape.
Georgia’s Momentum Builds: Georgia is another hotbed of activity, with over 700 lawsuits filed. A $20 million verdict in 2025 and a $35 million settlement for 79 claims against Sterigenics in Cobb County demonstrate the increasing success of plaintiffs in the state. The Atlanta area, in particular, continues to see a surge in new filings.
Beyond Illinois and Georgia: A National Reckoning
The EtO crisis is far from confined to these two states. Litigation is expanding rapidly.
Emerging Hotspots: California, with its 15 facilities, is experiencing expanding litigation. Pennsylvania has seen over 35 suits and confidential settlements, while Texas is grappling with class actions amid its 8 facilities. Other states like Utah, Connecticut, Tennessee, and Michigan are also reporting rising legal activity. The core issue remains environmental justice, as these cases frequently highlight the disproportionate impact on low-income and minority communities.
